For some aging adults, a lack of self-confidence is rooted in many issues ranging from changes in physical appearance to limited independence.

Why is having self-esteem so important in the first place? According to Dr. Ulrich Orth of the University of Basel, “self-esteem is related to better health, less criminal behavior, lower levels of depression, and, overall, greater success in life.” Which is why it’s so important to learn more about how our self-esteem changes as we age.

The self-esteem trajectory – or the rollercoaster of self-confidence that fluctuates throughout our lives – can rise or fall depending on many factors in our lives. Getting positive reinforcement at work, financially securing a life for ourselves and our families, and receiving positive attention from our friends and loved ones can all lead to an improved self-esteem. According to Dr. Orth , these factors contribute to a higher self-esteem in middle-aged men and women compared to the lower self-esteem of older adults.